Spun or staple yarn is created by twisting together fibers from a staple plant. It can be divided into several groups based on a variety of criteria:
Depending on the quantity of plys:
The yarn can be divided into two groups depending on the number of plys:
1 – single-ply yarn
2 – multi-ply yarn
1 – Single-ply yarn: Single-ply yarn is woven or stapled fabric with just one ply.
2 – Multi-ply yarn: Multi-ply yarn is a spun or staple yarn that consists of more than one layer twisted or grouped together.
Spun yarn can be divided into three groups based on the orientation of twist:
- S-twist yarn
- Z-twist yarn
- Zero-twist yarn
a) S-twisted thread
S-twist yarn is spun or staple yarn that is always twisted in a clockwise direction. Inclination angle of this yarn gives it a S-shaped form.( English alphabet letter).
b) Z-twist thread
Z-twist yarn is spun or staple yarn that is always twisted in an anti- clockwise direction. The inclination angle of this yarn gives it a Z-shaped form.( English alphabet letter).
c) Zero-twist yarn
Untwisted staple fibers are wrapped around soluble filament to create this yarn. Filaments that dissolve in hot water are used for warping. These strands are then processed by being dissolved in hot water after weaving. Since these yarns appear to have no twist, it is known as zero twist yarn.
The spun fabric can be divided into three groups based on the degree of twist:
1. Loose twist yarn
2. Medium twist yarn
3. High twist yarn
1. Loose twist yarn–
The degree of twist in this fabric is lower than usual. It has a soft texture and is bulky. It is less durable than yarn with a regular twist. Loose twist yarn shows poor lustre and weaker quality in the structure. It appears to be thicker than regular twist yarn. Piling properties of fabrics produced with this king of yarn is weaker in general.
2. Medium twist yarn:
According to standards and specifications for spinning, this type of yarn has a normal twist.
3. High twist yarn:
This particular type of yarn has a greater degree of twist than usual. This yarn has a gritty texture. This yarn improves the fabric’s brightness and texture. It is stronger than a regular twist yarn. In comparison to yarn with a normal twist, it exhibits excellent lustre. High twist yarn has better piling properties and is more finer than normal twist yarn.